A brief for the programme is given to the director. The programme making team decide on the format. This would be the seating and layout of the studio floor. The set design team then come up with an idea for the set.
This is given to the director who then draws out a floor plan of the studio. He needs to consider the talent positions, set design, audience seating etc. From this he will be able to position the cameras accurately and add them to the floor plan The floor plan is copied and given to the lighting, sound, camera and staging technicians for their own uses.
Camera operators will check shots using spare people.
Sound operators will check VT inserts and audio levels.
Staging technicians will decide where to put the set.
Lighting technicians will check where the lights should be placed and what lighting to use.
After the technical rehearsal, the proper rehearsals begin with the talent. They will do a run through using the script and a ' stop/start' rehearsal. This type of rehearsal means they run from the beginning until a mistake is made, or the director decides he wants to stop. It is then run from the beginning again. This continues until it is flawless.
Monday, 8 February 2010
Scripts and Calls
The script is the most important part of the show. It guides everyone involved in the programme and is a communication tool between the floor and control room. It helps the director know what shots he needs to get, it helps the sound operators prepare the VTs and the vision operators will know which camera to cut to.
Planning and lighting the set
When planning to light the set you need to use Three Point lighting. Three Point lighting is when you use three lights to one person two hard light and one soft light.
The Back light is a hard light used to light what's behind the person being filmed so use can see the background.
The Key Light is a hard light used to light the person being filmed so they can be seen clearly to don't fade into the background.
The Fill Light is a soft light that used to elminate any shadows on the subjects face.
Three Point lighting can also be for Studio Shoots in Photography as well Multi camera production.
Planning and designing a set
The art directors come up with their own individual ideas, which they put together to produce a final set. They need to consider how the colours work with the lighting, the format, theme of the show and the size of the studio.
Our final set design was a city theme as the title of the show was 'Culture City'. We chose a night scene as the darker colours worked better with the studio lighting. We decided we wanted a trapezium desk for the talent, as this was slightly different to other set designs. We used five flats in total as a backdrop.
Talk-backs and their use/protocol
Talk backs are used for communication between the director, floor manager, camera and sound operators. Director always has his mike open and should anyone wish to contact the director they should make themselves known and wait for his response. Cans should remain on at all times unless told otherwise.
Planning audio coverage
Radio mics are given to the talent and microphones are positioned on the rig so that they can pick up audience applause.
Programme Rundowns
Example of a Planning Rundown
No. Who To Whom Date
1. Opening Title DVD Gemma Lauren 5/2
2. Opening link Host Bob Stuart (Director) 7/2
3. Studio I/V Host Bob Jess 7/2
Example of a Programme Rundown
No. Content Video Audio Duration
1. Opening Titles DVD DVD 20"
2. Opening Link Host Host 15"
3. Ben Hur DVD Studio 20"
4. Question answer Studio Studio 20"
Directing and Director's call
When Director is getting ready to start He'll ask the Floor manager if the floor is ready. the floor manager will reply by seeing floor ready thwen he'll check if sound is ready the sound operator will reply sound ready. The director will follow the script unless the script says 'Direct as Ad Lib' the director will decide what will be used what are shots are used, Before the director change the shot he will Cut to Camera Number (Number of camera that filming the shot he needs) then he'll say cut at this moment the vision mixer will press the number on vision mixing desk to change whats being on soon. When the director what to switich to a VT he'll say Cut to VT.
DVD operation and insert requirements
For VT's you'll need to put these on to a DVD and seperate them onto different tracks so it's easier for the Script Writer, DVD Operator and Director to when they need to play which VT.
VT's are used when a clip is being played into studio for example if the host where use a what happens next they'll use a VT to show the clip and show to the contentasts via the Floor monitor then when the VT ends the host will try and get the contestants to answer and when the question been answered the track with the VT's ending will be played letting the team know if they've got the answer right or wrong.
All inserts should have a bit of extra at the beginning and end. These are called 'loose in and loose out'. This allows for any delays between studio floor and vision mixer.
VT's are used when a clip is being played into studio for example if the host where use a what happens next they'll use a VT to show the clip and show to the contentasts via the Floor monitor then when the VT ends the host will try and get the contestants to answer and when the question been answered the track with the VT's ending will be played letting the team know if they've got the answer right or wrong.
All inserts should have a bit of extra at the beginning and end. These are called 'loose in and loose out'. This allows for any delays between studio floor and vision mixer.
Camera Shots and Moves
Shots
Close Up (CU)
Medium Close Up (MCU)
Mid Shot (MS)
Wide Shot (WS)
Two Shot (2S)
Three Shot (3S)
Over the shoulder Shot (OS)
Moves
Ped: Moving Camera up and and down on the Pedal
Crab: Moving the Camera left and right on the Pedal
Pan: Moving the Camera left and right on the spot
Tilt: Moving up and Down on the spot
Close Up (CU)
Medium Close Up (MCU)
Mid Shot (MS)
Wide Shot (WS)
Two Shot (2S)
Three Shot (3S)
Over the shoulder Shot (OS)
Moves
Ped: Moving Camera up and and down on the Pedal
Crab: Moving the Camera left and right on the Pedal
Pan: Moving the Camera left and right on the spot
Tilt: Moving up and Down on the spot
Studio protocol and pratice
No food or Drink allowed in the studio
No unauthorized people allowed in the studio
Beware of trailing cables
Don't move any equipment on your own
Wear trainers
Don't mess about on the Cans, keep them on at all times unless told otherwise.
Director is in charge. His word is final.
No unauthorized people allowed in the studio
Beware of trailing cables
Don't move any equipment on your own
Wear trainers
Don't mess about on the Cans, keep them on at all times unless told otherwise.
Director is in charge. His word is final.
Multi-cam production terms.
Directing terms
Cut to Camera: This term is to let the vision mixer know that the director when to change shot then the director says cut the vision mixer to change the shot.
Cut to VT: This term means that vision mixer needs to cut VT.
Floor Ready: This means that everyone on the floor is ready to begin filming.
Sound Ready: This means that Sound is ready to bbegin recording sound.
Camera terms
Ped: this used to let the camera operator the move the camera up or down Ped up means lift the pedal up etc.
Crab: Crab means move left or right Crab right means move the pedal right etc.
Pan: Pan move the camera left or right Pan left means move the camera left.
Tilt: Moving the camera up or down. Tilt up means move the camera up.
Cut to Camera: This term is to let the vision mixer know that the director when to change shot then the director says cut the vision mixer to change the shot.
Cut to VT: This term means that vision mixer needs to cut VT.
Floor Ready: This means that everyone on the floor is ready to begin filming.
Sound Ready: This means that Sound is ready to bbegin recording sound.
Camera terms
Ped: this used to let the camera operator the move the camera up or down Ped up means lift the pedal up etc.
Crab: Crab means move left or right Crab right means move the pedal right etc.
Pan: Pan move the camera left or right Pan left means move the camera left.
Tilt: Moving the camera up or down. Tilt up means move the camera up.
Crew roles and responsibilities
Director is in charge of what on screen.
Floor Manager is the the director voice on the floor and makes everyone on the floor is ready for filming.
Assistant Floor Manager helps the Floor manager control the audience and keep the score.
Camera Operator is the person who records the show and offer shots to the director.
Assistant Camera Operator (Cable Basher) helps tidy up the camera operators cables and help move the camera.
Sound Operator is the person who controls the sound levels.
DVD Operator is the person who control the DVD Inserts.
Vision Mixer is the persdon who switiches on on the screen.
Lighting Controller controls the lighting.
Floor Manager is the the director voice on the floor and makes everyone on the floor is ready for filming.
Assistant Floor Manager helps the Floor manager control the audience and keep the score.
Camera Operator is the person who records the show and offer shots to the director.
Assistant Camera Operator (Cable Basher) helps tidy up the camera operators cables and help move the camera.
Sound Operator is the person who controls the sound levels.
DVD Operator is the person who control the DVD Inserts.
Vision Mixer is the persdon who switiches on on the screen.
Lighting Controller controls the lighting.
Studio Equipment, its functions and operation
S.T.O.B. is where every is the studio is hooked up to for example Cameras, Mircophone and floor monitors etc.
Dimmer pack is where all the lights in the studio are hooked up and are controlled in lighting desk.
Cool lights are square shaped to spread out and not emitting too much heat.
Hard lights are circular and focus light one spot are are alot hotter and brighter then Cool Lights.
On air light is used to let people that there's filming in progess.
Mircophones are used to record sounds for example people talking.
Cameras are used to record the action on the set.
pedal are what cameras are mounted so are easier move up and down and left to right.
Floor montior is used to show the contestants the Video Inserts (VT's).
Lighting desk is used to control the lights on the studio floor.
Sound desk is used controls the mircophones.
Vision mixing desk is used to choose what camera shot is being used on screen.
Dimmer pack is where all the lights in the studio are hooked up and are controlled in lighting desk.
Cool lights are square shaped to spread out and not emitting too much heat.
Hard lights are circular and focus light one spot are are alot hotter and brighter then Cool Lights.
On air light is used to let people that there's filming in progess.
Mircophones are used to record sounds for example people talking.
Cameras are used to record the action on the set.
pedal are what cameras are mounted so are easier move up and down and left to right.
Floor montior is used to show the contestants the Video Inserts (VT's).
Lighting desk is used to control the lights on the studio floor.
Sound desk is used controls the mircophones.
Vision mixing desk is used to choose what camera shot is being used on screen.
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